Scholarly Work

Parenting practices and child externalizing behaviors in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic: A family stress model approach to understanding child behavior problems

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The COVID-19 pandemic created significant disruptions in the lives in families and added additional responsibilities and stressors for parents. In turn, these stressors have been found to negatively impact parenting practices (Gassman-Pines, et al, 2020; Griffith et al, 2022. Through the lens of the Family Stress Model (Conger et al, 2010), which suggests that external stressors impact parenting abilities and the quality of parent-child relationships, therefore leading to poor outcomes in children’s behavioral functioning, the present study examined the associations between COVID-19-related stress, parenting practices, and children’s current behavior (i.e., internalizing and externalizing behaviors). 56 parent participants completed an online survey which assessed for the amount of stressful COVID-19 events they had experienced, child externalizing behaviors, and parenting behaviors. In addition, the study collected data on additional covariates, including child personality, parental experiences of childhood adversity, current levels of parental stress, and perceptions of social support. Bivariate correlations found no significant associations between exposure to greater stressful COVID-19 related events, parenting behaviors, and child outcomes. In addition, there were no significant associations between parenting behaviors and child externalizing behaviors. Exploratory analyses revealed a significant association between parent-reported child distress during the pandemic and current levels of both internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Greater levels of neuroticism significantly moderated the relationships between child distress during the pandemic and current level of internalizing behaviors. The results suggest that the experience of more exposure to stressful COVID-19 related events in not associated with current parenting behaviors and child outcomes. Children with certain predispositions (e.g. greater levels of neuroticism) may be at a greater risk of experiencing poor outcomes from stressful or disruptive events. Strengths and limitations of the study, as well as future directions for research, are discussed.

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